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Numerous other Scientologist-run businesses and organizations come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE requires those who want to become Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This section requires expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or respected individuals. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually obtained some reliability as a religious beliefs in many nations, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and a business business.

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For instance, it has been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be perceived as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries over here by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had initially demandedand the IRS acknowledged the here church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in a web poll run by the presidential shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who attempt to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take navigate to this website control of specific elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever perpetrated by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive tactics in dealing with those it views as attempting to reduce them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.