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Lots of other Scientologist-run businesses and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This area needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to help with the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or reputable individuals. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually attained some trustworthiness as a faith in many nations, Scientology has also been explained as both a cult and a commercial business.

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For instance, it has been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Game people it views as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption see this as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as determined in a web poll run by the governmental shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and devoted among the largest advice penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The crime devoted by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or organization was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive methods in dealing with those it sees as trying to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially described by Hubbard as part of over at this website a policy called reasonable video game. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.